Lnapl natural source zone depletion nszd occurs through the combined action of natural processes that reduce the mass of lnapl in the subsurface. This paper describes the development and application of a modeling system called natural attenuation software nas. How to evaluate alternative cleanup technologies for. Over the past 10 years there have been amazing, important developments in our understanding of key attenuation processes and technologies for evaluating. Variability in composition of an oil spill after more than.
The source zone natural attenuation approach developed by 48, 49 can be incorporated into the current model framework. Contaminants can bypass sampling locations due to the dynamic nature of groundwater systems. Geological survey waterresources investigations report 03 4057. California multisite study of retail gasoline sites source zone attenuation mchugh et al. Cleaning up the large number of groundwater contamination sites is a significant and complex environmental challenge. However, the right conditions must exist underground to clean sites properly. At a site where groundwater is contaminated by chlorinated solvents, the spatial distribution of contamination and the persistence of the contamination over time is controlled by the interaction between the rate of natural attenuation in groundwater and the rate of natural attenuation of the source. The software, programmed in the microsoft excel spreadsheet environment and based on the domenico analytical solute transport model, has the ability to simulate solute transport and estimate source zone decay. The nrc committees recently released report, natural attenuation for groundwater remediation nrc, 2000, concluded that the key to demonstrating the effectiveness of natural attenuation at a site is establishing the causeandeffect relationship between loss of contaminant and the mechanism responsible for the loss. Natural attenuation processes include a variety of physical, chemical, and biological processes that, under favorable conditions, reduce the mass, toxicity, mobility, volume, andor concentration of contaminants in soil andor. Nszd describes the collective, naturally occurring processes of dissolution, volatilization, and biodegradation that result in mass losses of lnapl petroleum hydrocarbon constituents from the subsurface. Estimating cleanup times associated with combining source. Documenting that a contaminant has disappeared or that the concentration has become very low in groundwater samples is an important piece of information for proving that natural attenuation is working, but it is not sufficient, even at simple gas station sites.
Numerous sites across the country are impacted with light, nonaqueousphase liquids lnapl. Mna relies on natural attenuation processes to achieve sitespecific. Nas was designed as a screening tool to estimate times of remediation tors, associated with monitored natural attenuation mna, to lower groundwater contaminant concentrations to regulatory limits. Natural attenuation represents an environmentally and economically sustainable means to manage contaminants in situ. At a site where groundwater is contaminated by chlorinated solvents, the spatial distribution of contamination and the persistence of the contamination over time is controlled by the interaction between the rate of natural attenuation in groundwater and the. If the ground located around a new and unlined landfill is suitable and the flow and level of groundwater suitable, attenuation zones can be designed into it. Natural attenuation system nas software for assessing combining source area remediation with natural attenuation mark widdowson environmental and water resources engineering the charles e. Increased previous seam3d napl source size limitation, allowing nas to model significantly larger source areas. If not, cleanup will not be quick enough or complete enough. Natural attenuation software nas was developed as a screening tool to estimate remediation timeframes for monitored natural attenuation mna to lower groundwater contaminant concentrations to regulatory limits, and to assist in decisionmaking on the level of source zone. The environmental industry is continuously looking for remediation methods that are both effective and costefficient.
A series of research projects have determined that this depletion is occurring at much faster rates than first thought, up to 100s to. Landfills and attenuation zones integratedskills english. The model includes functionality for napl component degradation in. The fate 5 natural attenuation software tool is a departure from traditional groundwater models. The portion of the source zone in the groundwatersaturated zone or below the water table is referred to as the saturated or submerged source zone. Natural attenuation software nas is a screening tool to estimate. Natural attenuation software nas is a screening tool to estimate remediation time frames for monitored natural attenuation mna to lower groundwater contaminant concentrations to regulatory limits and to assist in decision making on the level of source zone treatment in conjunction with mna, using sitespecific remediation objectives.
Nas natural attenuation software is a software package that provides a decisionmaking framework for determining the time needed to clean up groundwater contamination sites. The natural attenuation software tool was codeveloped by the u. The sourcedk model and natural attenuation software nas also use a box. The natural attenuation of organic compounds, particularly fuels and chlorinated solvents, has been subject to study for some time. Evaluating natural source zone depletion at petroleum. The input of hydrogeological scientists, hydrologists and engineers is required to increase the effectiveness of natural attenuation zones. Tor based solely on attenuation of initial aqueous contaminant concentration. Bioscreen is an easytouse screening tool for simulating the natural attenuation of dissolved hydrocarbons at petroleum fuel release sites. New version of nas natural attenuation software available. Ndm is used primarily to estimate relative timeframes for napl source zone natural attenuation mna, and enhanced dissolution technologies such as eisb i. Understanding seasonal changes in natural attenuation processes is critical for evaluating sourcezone longevity and informing management decisions. Assessment of the natural attenuation of napl source zones and.
Natural source zone depletion nszd of light nonaqueous phase liquids. The basic physical processes which, unaided by deliberate human intervention, reduce the concentration, toxicity, or mobility of. Guidance on natural attenuation for petroleum releases. Natural attenuation software free download windows version.
Natural attenuation system nassoftware for assessing. Natural attenuation software nas was developed as a screening tool to estimate remediation timeframes for monitored natural attenuation mna to lower groundwater contaminant concentrations to regulatory limits, and to assist in decisionmaking on the level of source zone treatment in conjunction with mna using sitespecific remediation objectives. Nas consists of a combination of computational tools implemented in three main. The seasonal variations of natural attenuation were investigated through measurements of surficial co2 effluxes, shallow soil co2 radiocarbon contents, subsurface gas concentrations, soil. A natural attenuation calibration tool for houston, texas, november 1997 groundwater fate. Bioscreen natural attenuation decision support system user. Methodology for estimating times of remediation associated with monitored natural attenuation by francis h. Appendix b natural source zone depletion nszd appendix. Monitored natural attenuation technical guidance document nj. Technical protocol for evaluating natural attenuation of. Natural attenuation processes that nas models include advection, dispersion. Remediation of dnapl source zones is very difficult and controversial and must be. Natural attenuation strategy for groundwater cleanup. Sihota and mayer 2012 characterizing vadose zone hydrocarbon biodegradation using carbon dioxide effluxes, isotopes and reactive transport modeling.
Wozney 2017 biodegradation rates of petroleum in contaminated aquifers. The package has been upgraded with the release of version 2. A screening tool to estimate remediation timeframes for monitored natural attenuation mna to lower groundwater contaminant concentrations to regulatory limits, and to assist in decisionmaking on the level of source zone treatment in conjunction with mna using sitespecific remediation. Site remediation program monitored natural attenuation technical. Monitored natural attenuation mna is an important, common groundwater remediation technology used for treating some dissolved groundwater contaminants. Moreover, to obtain public and regulatory support, there is a need to demonstrate that mass losses are occurring. The portion of the source zone in the unsaturated zone is referred to as the unsaturated or exposed source zone. Crude oil, remediation by enhanced natural attenuation rena, polyaromatic hydrocarbons pahs, agrifood, vegetables, minerals 1. To assess potential human and environmental risks associated with this strategy, there is a need to characterize the extent of contaminant containing source zones. This natural attenuation software provides a screening tool for users to estimate remediation time frames for monitored natural attenuation mna to lower groundwater contaminant concentrations to regulatory limits and to assist in decision making on the level of source zone treatment in conjunction with mna, using sitespecific remediation. A natural attenuation calibration tool for houston, texas, november 1997 groundwater fate and transport modeling. Estimation of the time required for natural attenuation processes to remove contaminants from groundwater requires a massbalance approach.
Gonzales and patrick haas technology transfer division air force center for environmental excellence brooks afb, san antonio, texas t. Public domain software is available that can incorporate terms for. Casey 3 abstract natural attenuation processes combine to disperse, immobilize, and biologically transform anthropogenic contaminants, such as petroleum. Natural attenuation software nas is a screening tool to estimate remediation timeframes for monitored natural attenuation mna to lower groundwater contaminant concentrations to regulatory limits, and to assist in decisionmaking on the level of source zone treatment in conjunction with mna using sitespecific remediation objectives. Natural source zone depletion nszd is a term used to extend the traditional understanding of natural attenuation to the lnapl source zone. Epa600r00008 january 2000 biochlor natural attenuation decision support system users manual version 1. We spend countless hours researching various file formats and software that can open, convert, create or otherwise work with those files. Key nszd processes include volatilization, dissolution, and biodegradation. About file types supported by natural attenuation software aims to be the goto resource for file type and related software information.
This natural attenuation software provides a screening tool for users to. Csap toolkits for evaluation of monitored natural attenuation and. Natural attenuation screening tools such as bioscreen epa, 1996 and natural attenuation software nas virginia tech, usgc, navfac, 2005 can be used to determine the degree to. Modflowmt3dms, and the natural attenuation software nas. Methodology for estimating times of remediation associated. Biochlor natural attenuation decision support system user. Source zone natural attenuation at petroleum hydrocarbon spill. Mna relies on natural attenuation processes to achieve sitespecific remediation objectives within a reasonable time frame compared to more active approaches.
Steven brauner2, eduardo mendez iii 2, and clifton c. Source zone modeling involves mathematical simulations of. Novel approaches for quantifying source zone natural. Natural attenuation processes that nas models include are advection, dispersion, sorption, nonaqueous phase liquid napl. Streamlined the tor module in allowing simulation of zero napl mass i. Source removal andor treatm ent interdiction and active remediation enhanced attenuation monitored natural attenuation e x c a v a t i o n i n e s i t u a c h e m i c a l c d e s t r u c t i o n t h r m l ly n h a. Natural attenuation software nas is a screening tool to estimate remediation timeframes for monitored natural attenuation mna and to assist in decisionmaking on the level of source zone treatment in conjunction with mna using sitespecific remediation objectives. Appendix bnatural source zone depletion nszd appendix executive summary. Source zone natural attenuation szna is often used as a basis for assessing the performance and relative benefits of engineered remediation and is also a component of the cleanup strategy at most chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbonimpacted sites. Epa600r96087 august 1996 bioscreen natural attenuation decision support system users manual version 1. Natural attenuation of chlorinated solvent source zones.
A natural attenuation calibration tool for houston, texas, november 1997 groundwater fate and transport modeling transient domenico model with firstorder decay algorithm csource dispersivity. Software packages such as maros us air force centre for. Source zone natural attenuation at petroleum hydrocarbon. Natural attenuation relies on natural processes to clean up or attenuate pollution in soil and groundwater. About file types supported by natural attenuation software. Ix1 advantages and disadvantages of monitored natural attenuation ix4 ix2 conceptualization of electron acceptor zones in the subsurface ix5 ix3 initial screening of monitored natural attenuation applicability ix7 ix4 processes governing the partitioning of lnapl into the soil, water, and air in the subsurface environment. Introduction the search for crude oil has expanded in many parts of the world with positive results in some members of the organization of the petroleum exporting countries opec. Bioscreen natural attenuation decision support system users. Biochlor natural attenuation decision support system users. Method for assessing source zone natural depletion at chlorinated. A software package for estimating time of remediation tor at sites using monitored natural attenuation mna with varying degrees of source area remediation has been developed.